History Origin of Chess Games

History Origin of Chess Games

According to Wikipedia chess game was first invented in Persia and Arab communities. The word "chess" itself comes from the word "Chaturanga," which in Sanskrit means "four-division army."Chess then spread throughout the world with various variants of the game until then we know it as today.The game was initially spread to the Far East and India and became one of the lessons in the Persian royal family and the nobility. Buddhist religious leaders, merchants passing on the Silk Road began to introduce chess board for this game.Chaturanga entered Europe via the Byzantine Kejaraan Persia, and spread to the Arab Empire. Moslems then bring chess into North Africa, Sicily and Spain in the 10th century.This game became popular in Europe. And, at the end of the 15th century, this game get away from the game list that prohibited the Church. In the modern age nascent reference books chess, then the use of a chess clock, as well as a number of rules of the game and great players.

History Origin of Chess India

The origins of modern chess was originally known as Charuranga, which flourished in India in the 6th century. Since the beginning of this game already introduced two parties play, the difference with the power chess pieces are different, and victory depends on the last fruit, or in modern chess was marked by the fall of the king. In ancient chess, chessboard has 100 boxes or even more.

In the early 19th century, an opinion delivered Captain Hiram Cox and Duncan Forbes that the first chess played 4 people at once, including four players in Chaturanga.

In Sanskrit terminology, "Chaturanga" means "has four parts" and the heroic epic poem the word also means "army." The name itself comes from a battle formation in the famous epic Mahabharata in India. Chaturanga is a war game simulation to show the strength of the Indian military strategy at the time.

Ashtapada, box 8 x 8 on a board a playground Charuranga. Other boards are known in India is Dasapada Saturankam 10 x 10 and 9 x 9.

Arab scientist Abu al-Hasan "Al? Al-Mas"? D? gave details about the use of chess as a tool of military strategy, mathematics, gambling and sometimes linked with the fate forecast in India and elsewhere. Note Mas "? D? Also showed Ivory in India is an area tool manufacturers chess game for the first time, disseminate and introduce this game from Persia to India during the Kingdom Nushirwan.

Then came the evolution of the game of Chaturanga known as Shatranj (chatrang), which is a game of two players who defeat and victory is determined through a cleansing of all the opponents pieces (except the king) or through conquest against the opponent king. Pawn position and the horse has not changed, but another pawn to change shape.


History Origin of Chess Middle East

Ardeshir Karnamak-i-i run into, a founder of the Persian Sassanid Empire in Iraq introduce a game chatrang as one way for the people to remember him as a legendary hero. The oldest records about this game was made in the 10th century the game notation between a historian of Baghdad and his students.

In the 11th century, Ferdowsi said that a king came from India to the game on a chessboard. This story was translated into English based on the manuscript of the British Museum.

One day an ambassador of Hindu king to come to trial in the Persian Chosroes, and after a pep talk, the ambassador presented a chessboard made of ebony and ivory.

He then threw a challenge: "Oh great king, discover the smartest and wisest to solve the mystery of this game. If they succeed god we Raja Hindu would give a degree. But if he fails it proves the level of skill the population of Persian lower and we will ask for instructions from Iran. "

The messenger then shows chess board he was carrying. A day later, after thinking hard, Buzurjmihir, managed to solve the mystery and then got a degree as promised.


History Origin of Chess Europe

Variations charunga entered Europe through Persia, as the spread of the influence of the Byzantine Empire and the expansion of the Arab Empire. Chess entry into southern Europe at the end of the first millennium.

Sometimes chess is also carried by troops occupying land of new colonies, such as Normandy when entering the UK. Chess initially less popular in Northern Europe -which is not accustomed to thinking abstraction but slowly became popular when introduced figurative pieces.

The social value of the strengths of this game -at past this game of honor and culture associated with high- so some chess boards made of special materials and expensive. The popularity of chess weakened in Western societies between 12 to 15 century AD It was chess books are usually written in Latin.

In the development of chess then linked to the lifestyle of European knights. Peter Alfonsi in his disciplina Clericalis, incorporate chess into seven skills that must be owned by a knight.

Symbols officers and the army began to enter in chess. King Henry I, King Henry II and King Richard I of England is a chess patron period. Another royal who pay serious attention to this game is the King Alfonso X of Spain and King Ivan IV of Russia.

When the church issued a ban against a variety of games in society, chess escaped from the blacklist. St. Peter Damian announced the game is to keep adverse impacts to the community. Bishop Florence defended this game because it involves skill and "unlike any other game."

In the 12th century, chess pieces began to remain as king (king), queen (queen), elephant / patih (bishops), horse (knights) and the castle (rooks). Pawns / pawn (pawn) started to be linked with the infantry.

Comparison chess terminology according to Sanskrit, Arabic, Latin and English

    Arabic Sanskrit Latin English
    Raja (King) Shah Rex King
    Mantri (Minister) Firz Regina Queen
    Elephants (war elephant) Al-Phil Episcopus Bishop / Count / Councillor
    Ashva (horse) Fars Miles / Eques Knight
    Ratha (chariot) Rochus Rukh Rook
    Padati Baidaq Pedes Pawn



In medieval times, the game is running long, there is even a new game was completed after many days held. The new regulations on the time limit was introduced in 1300. Rules pawn / pawn may move two pawns when first step was also introduced.

In 1475 the evolution of the game of chess. Introduced the concept of the Queen step -buah most powerful-and introduced the concept of promotion pawn can become a queen. Chatunga elephants in the war also changed the term became bishop. Thus checkmate becomes easier in this game and drastically reduces the necessary steps.

A player Italy, Gioacchino Greco, was recorded as the first professional chess players in the history of this game. He wrote books and showing some compositions chess games and chess analysis. This work makes chess became a popular game and is starting to show the theory, tactics and strategy of the game.

The first work contains numerous variations and combinations of victories written by Franchois-Andre Philidor Danican of France. He showed the best chess game for the past 50 years and the book was published in the 18th century book titled L'Analyze des échecs (Chess Analysis), an influential book to be reprinted up to 100 times.


Chess game in the Modern Era

Chess competition began to be held in 1834 and the year 1851 London Chess Tournament started introducing a time limit for each player.

In a player match records terkandang spend many hours to analyze a single step. But in London a chess tournament chess players are only allowed to spend time 2 hours 20 minutes to take one step.

On development, introduced rapid chess: chess 5 minutes. But the popular ones are the rules of two hours for every chess player to move as much as 30 times. In the final variant, a player who fails to fulfill that obligation will get a penalty.

In the year 1861 chess tournament with time restrictions began to be played in Bristol, England. A tool that is used is the hourglass.

Modern chess clock with two key and found to facilitate the game. A player can stop the clock needles as he finished walking. Chess clock equipped -bendera sign jatuh-- for players who exceed the time limit already known in the late 19th century.